“Universally known” means general English, not Orthodox Jewish English: a newspaper reader who is not Jewish would still recognize the word.

In this book

Term in the book Usual English form
kosher / non-kosher kosher
Torah Torah
rabbi (as a word/title) rabbi
Satan Satan
matzo / matzos matzo, matzah
Seder seder
Haggadah Haggadah
Chanukah Hanukkah
Pesach Passover is the English word; Pesach is weaker
Yom Kippur Yom Kippur
Rosh Hashonoh Rosh Hashanah
goyim goy (dictionary English); goyim is a bit less so
menorah menorah (glossary already shows Hebrew)
shofar shofar
mezuzos mezuzah
yeshiva yeshiva
Moshiach messiah is the English loan; Moshiach is not
mon manna
Yovel jubilee
Perushim / Tzedukim Pharisees / Sadducees
Sanhedrin Sanhedrin (more academic)
mitzvoh mainly via bar/bat mitzvah

Not universal

These are still Latin in the glossary, but they are Jewish English, not general loan-words: shul, bentch, daven, milchigs, fleishigs, Shabbos, Chumash, Gemora, posuk, korban, parsha, tallis, tefillin, tzitzis, brocho, minyan, chumrahs, gebrokts, and most other yeshivish/liturgical lemmas.

Not in this book

English also has Yiddish loans that do not appear in the questions: chutzpah, bagel, mensch, schlep, klutz, nosh, kvetch, spiel, yarmulke, challah, lox, kibitz, maven, and similar.

Display

Only the first table belongs in Latin because they are English. Everything else that is still Latin is a name, a holiday label kept Latin on purpose, or Jewish English—not a general loan-word.